Introduction:
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) code is a programming language used to control CNC machines, which are automated machines that can be programmed to perform specific tasks. The most commonly used CNC programming language is G-code, which is a standardized language used to control the movement and operation of CNC machines
This program would tell the CNC machine to move in a rectangular path from point (0,0) to (2,2) and back to (0,0), with each leg of the rectangle being at a constant feed rate of 100 units per minute. The G00 and G01 commands are used to specify whether the move should be a rapid move (G00) or a controlled move (G01) and the X and Y values specify the location of the move. The F value specifies the feed rate at which the move should be made
List Of G Code:
Here is a list of some commonly used G-codes in CNC programming:
G00: Rapid positioning - Moves the machine to a new position as fast as possible, without regard for cutting or material removal.
G01: Linear interpolation - Moves the machine to a new position in a straight line, at a specific feed rate.
G02: Circular interpolation, clockwise - Moves the machine in a clockwise arc around a specified center point.
G03: Circular interpolation, counterclockwise - Moves the machine in a counterclockwise arc around a specified center point.
G04: Dwell - Causes the machine to pause for a specified amount of time, allowing for things like tool changes or part inspection.
G10: Coordinate system origin setting - Sets the current position as the origin for a specified coordinate system.
G17: XY plane selection - Selects the XY plane as the primary plane for movement and cutting.
G18: XZ plane selection - Selects the XZ plane as the primary plane for movement and cutting.
G19: YZ plane selection - Selects the YZ plane as the primary plane for movement and cutting.
G20: Inch mode - Sets the machine to use inches for all subsequent measurements and movements.
G21: Metric mode - Sets the machine to use millimeters for all subsequent measurements and movements.
G28: Return to home position - Moves the machine to a predefined home position
G40: Cutter compensation cancel - Cancels any previously set cutter compensation offsets.
G41: Cutter compensation left - Sets the machine to compensate for the left side of the cutter when cutting.
G42: Cutter compensation right - Sets the machine to compensate for the right side of the cutter when cutting.
G54-G59: Work coordinate system selection - Selects one of up to six predefined work coordinate systems for movement and cutting.
G80: Cancel canned cycle - Cancels any previously started canned cycles, such as drilling or tapping cycles.
G90: Absolute mode - Sets the machine to use absolute positioning for all subsequent movements.
G91: Incremental mode - Sets the machine to use relative positioning for all subsequent movements.
G94: Feed per minute mode - Sets the machine to use a feed rate based on distance travelled per minute, rather than per revolution.
Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and different machines and controllers may use additional or slightly different G-codes. It is important to consult the machine's manual and other resources to ensure that the appropriate G-codes are being used for a specific application.
List Of M Code:
Here is a list of some commonly used M-codes in CNC programming:
M00: Program stop - Stops the machine and waits for operator intervention before continuing.
M01: Optional program stop - Stops the machine and waits for operator intervention only if an optional stop is programmed.
M02: End of program - Marks the end of the CNC program and causes the machine to stop.
M03: Spindle on clockwise - Turns the spindle on in a clockwise direction at a specified speed.
M04: Spindle on counterclockwise - Turns the spindle on in a counterclockwise direction at a specified speed.
M05: Spindle stop - Stops the spindle from rotating.
M06: Tool change - Initiates a tool change procedure, stopping the spindle and allowing for the installation of a new tool.
M08: Coolant on - Turns on the machine's coolant system.
M09: Coolant off - Turns off the machine's coolant system.
M30: End of program - Marks the end of the CNC program and causes the machine to stop.
M41: Gear range selection - Selects the appropriate gear range for the current spindle speed and feed rate.
M42: Gear range override - Overrides the gear range selection made by M41.
M48: Feed rate override - Adjusts the feed rate of the machine during cutting operations.
M49: Feed rate override cancel - Cancels any previously set feed rate overrides.
M60: Automatic pallet change - Initiates an automatic pallet changing operation.
M98: Subprogram call - Calls a subprogram from within the main program.
M99: Subprogram end - Marks the end of a subprogram and returns control to the main program.
M101: Spindle forward - Starts the spindle rotating forward at a specified speed.
M102: Spindle reverse - Starts the spindle rotating in reverse at a specified speed.
M104: Set spindle temperature - Sets the temperature of the spindle coolant.
Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and different machines and controllers may use additional or slightly different M-codes. It is important to consult the machine's manual and other resources to ensure that the appropriate M-codes are being used for a specific application.
FAQs:
Here are some frequently asked questions about CNC code:
What is CNC code?
CNC code is a language used to communicate with a CNC machine. It consists of a series of G-codes and M-codes that control the machine's movements and auxiliary functions.
What are G-codes and M-codes?
G-codes are used to specify the type of motion, such as linear or circular interpolation, rapid positioning, and dwell time. M-codes are used to control the machine's auxiliary functions, such as spindle speed, coolant, and tool changes.
How is CNC code created?
CNC code is created using a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software program. The program generates the G-code based on the part design and toolpath.
What are some common G-codes?
Common G-codes include G00 (rapid positioning), G01 (linear interpolation), G02 (circular interpolation in a clockwise direction), G03 (circular interpolation in a counterclockwise direction), G04 (dwell time), and G28 (return to home position).
What are some common M-codes?
Common M-codes include M03 (spindle on clockwise), M04 (spindle on counterclockwise), M05 (spindle stop), M06 (tool change), M08 (coolant on), M09 (coolant off), and M30 (end of program).
Can CNC code be edited manually?
Yes, CNC code can be edited manually using a text editor. However, it requires a good understanding of the code structure and syntax.
How is CNC code executed?
CNC code is executed by sending it to the CNC machine's controller, which interprets the code and moves the machine accordingly.
What are some common errors in CNC code?
Common errors in CNC code include syntax errors, incorrect parameter values, missing or incorrect G-codes or M-codes, and incorrect tool or workpiece positioning.
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